Impedance is a measure of the opposition to the flow of electric current in a circuit. It is a complex quantity that takes into account both the resistance and reactance of the circuit, where resistance refers to the opposition of a circuit to the flow of current due to the presence of physical resistors, and reactance refers to the opposition of a circuit to the flow of current due to the presence of inductors and capacitors.
In an AC circuit, the impedance can be expressed as a complex number Z, where Z = R + jX, and R is the resistance, X is the reactance, and j is the imaginary unit. The impedance of a circuit is measured in ohms and can be used to determine the flow of current in the circuit and the power delivered to the circuit by an AC source.
Impedance matching is an important concept in electrical engineering and is used to optimize the transfer of power between circuits. When the impedance of a source circuit is matched to the impedance of a load circuit, maximum power transfer can be achieved, resulting in efficient and effective use of electrical energy.
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